(a)  in the case of an individual,—

  (i)  by the individual himself;

 (ii)  where he is absent from India, by the individual himself or by some person duly authorised by him in this behalf;

(iii)  where he is mentally incapacitated from attending to his affairs, by his guardian or any other person competent to act on his behalf; and

(iv)  where, for any other reason, it is not possible for the individual to verify the return, by any person duly authorised by him in this behalf:

Provided that in a case referred to in sub-clause (ii) or sub-clause (iv), the person verifying the return holds a valid power of attorney from the individual to do so, which shall be attached to the return;

(b)  in the case of a Hindu undivided family, by the karta, and, where the karta is absent from India or is mentally incapacitated from attending to his affairs, by any other adult member of such family;

(c)  in the case of a company, by the managing director thereof, or where for any unavoidable reason such managing director is not able to verify the return, or where there is no managing director, by any director thereof ¹⁶[or any other person, as may be prescribed for this purpose] :

Provided that where the company is not resident in India, the return may be verified by a person who holds a valid power of attorney from such company to do so, which shall be attached to the return :

Provided further that,—

 (a)  where the company is being wound up, whether under the orders of a court or otherwise, or where any person has been appointed as the receiver of any assets of the company, the return shall be verified by the liquidator referred to in sub-section (1) of section 178;

 (b)  where the management of the company has been taken over by the Central Government or any State Government under any law, the return of the company shall be verified by the principal officer thereof; or

 (c)  where in respect of a company, an application for corporate insolvency resolution process has been admitted by the Adjudicating Authority under section 7 or section 9 or section 10 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016), the return shall be verified by the insolvency professional appointed by such Adjudicating Authority.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause the expressions "insolvency professional" and "Adjudicating Authority" shall have the respective meanings assigned to them in clause (18) of section 3 and clause (1) of section 5 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (31 of 2016);

(cc) in the case of a firm, by the managing partner thereof, or where for any unavoidable reason such managing partner is not able to verify the return, or where there is no managing partner as such, by any partner thereof, not being a minor;

(cd) in the case of a limited liability partnership, by the designated partner thereof, or where for any unavoidable reason such designated partner is not able to verify the return, or where there is no designated partner as such, by any partner thereof ¹⁷[or any other person, as may be prescribed for this purpose];

(d)  in the case of a local authority, by the principal officer thereof;

(dd) in the case of a political party referred to in sub-section (4B) of section 139, by the chief executive officer of such party (whether such chief executive officer is known as secretary or by any other designation);

(e)  in the case of any other association, by any member of the association or the principal officer thereof; and

(f)  in the case of any other person, by that person or by some person competent to act on his behalf.